Johann Gottfried Herder

Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried Herder
	Herder, 1785
Born	25 August 1744; Mohrungen, Prussia
Died	18 December 1803 (aged 59); Weimar, Saxe-Weimar, Holy Roman Empire
Alma mater	University of Königsberg
Era	18th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Enlightenment; Counter-Enlightenment; Romantic nationalism; Anticolonialist cosmopolitanism; Sturm und Drang; Weimar Classicism; Historicism; Romantic hermeneutics; Classical liberalism; Teleological conception of history; Cultural relativism; Volksgeist; Cultural nationalism; Empirical approach to the investigation of languages and cultures;
Academic advisors	Immanuel Kant

Johann Gottfried von Herder (/ˈhɜːrdər/ HUR-dər, German: [ˈjoːhan ˈɡɔtfʁiːt ˈhɛʁdɐ];^[15]^[16]^[17] 25 August 1744 – 18 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the Enlightenment, Sturm und Drang, and Weimar Classicism. He was a Romantic philosopher and poet who argued that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people (das Volk). He also stated that it was through folk songs, folk poetry, and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation (der Volksgeist) was popularized. He is credited with establishing or advancing a number of important disciplines: hermeneutics, linguistics, anthropology, and "a secular philosophy of history."^[18]

^ Isaiah Berlin, Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder, London and Princeton, 2000.
^ Kerrigan, William Thomas (1997), "Young America": Romantic Nationalism in Literature and Politics, 1843–1861, University of Michigan, 1997, p. 150.
^ Royal J. Schmidt, "Cultural Nationalism in Herder," Journal of the History of Ideas 17(3) (June 1956), pp. 407–417.
^ Gregory Claeys (ed.), Encyclopedia of Modern Political Thought, Routledge, 2004, "Herder, Johann Gottfried": "Herder is an anticolonialist cosmopolitan precisely because he is a nationalist".
^ Forster 2010, p. 43.
^ Frederick C. Beiser, The German Historicist Tradition, Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 98.
^ Christopher John Murray (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850, Routledge, 2013, p. 491: "Herder expressed a view fundamental to Romantic hermeneutics..."; Forster 2010, p. 9.
^ Forster 2010, p. 42.
^ This thesis is prominent in This Too a Philosophy of History for the Formation of Humanity (1774) and Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind (1784–91).
^ Forster 2010, p. 36.
^ Forster 2010, p. 41.
^ Barnard, F. M. (2005). In Herder on nationality, humanity and history (pp. 38–39). essay, McGill-Queen's University Press.
^ Forster 2010, p. 25.
^ Forster 2010, pp. 16 and 50 n. 6: "This thesis is already prominent in On Diligence in Several Learned Languages (1764)".
^ "Duden | Johann | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition". Duden (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2018. Johann
^ "Duden | Gottfried | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition". Duden (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2018. Gọttfried
^ "Duden | Herder | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition". Duden (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2018. Hẹrder
^ Jacob, Margaret C. The Secular Enlightenment. Princeton: Princeton University Press 2019, 192

[1] Isaiah Berlin, Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder, London and Princeton, 2000.

[2] Kerrigan, William Thomas (1997), "Young America": Romantic Nationalism in Literature and Politics, 1843–1861, University of Michigan, 1997, p. 150.

[3] Royal J. Schmidt, "Cultural Nationalism in Herder," Journal of the History of Ideas 17(3) (June 1956), pp. 407–417.

[4] Gregory Claeys (ed.), Encyclopedia of Modern Political Thought, Routledge, 2004, "Herder, Johann Gottfried": "Herder is an anticolonialist cosmopolitan precisely because he is a nationalist".

[Forster_43-5] Forster 2010, p. 43.

[6] Frederick C. Beiser, The German Historicist Tradition, Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 98.

[7] Christopher John Murray (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850, Routledge, 2013, p. 491: "Herder expressed a view fundamental to Romantic hermeneutics..."; Forster 2010, p. 9.

[Forster_42-8] Forster 2010, p. 42.

[9] This thesis is prominent in This Too a Philosophy of History for the Formation of Humanity (1774) and Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind (1784–91).

[Forster_36-10] Forster 2010, p. 36.

[Forster_41-11] Forster 2010, p. 41.

[12] Barnard, F. M. (2005). In Herder on nationality, humanity and history (pp. 38–39). essay, McGill-Queen's University Press.

[Forster_25-13] Forster 2010, p. 25.

[Forster_16_and_50-14] Forster 2010, pp. 16 and 50 n. 6: "This thesis is already prominent in On Diligence in Several Learned Languages (1764)".

[15] "Duden | Johann | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition". Duden (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2018. Johann

[16] "Duden | Gottfried | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition". Duden (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2018. Gọttfried

[17] "Duden | Herder | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition". Duden (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2018. Hẹrder

[18] Jacob, Margaret C. The Secular Enlightenment. Princeton: Princeton University Press 2019, 192

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Johann Gottfried Herder
Herder, 1785
Born	25 August 1744 Mohrungen, Prussia
Died	18 December 1803(1803-12-18) (aged 59) Weimar, Saxe-Weimar, Holy Roman Empire
Alma mater	University of Königsberg

Era	18th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Enlightenment Counter-Enlightenment^[1] Romantic nationalism^[2]^[3] Anticolonialist cosmopolitanism^[4]^[5] Sturm und Drang Weimar Classicism Historicism^[6] Romantic hermeneutics^[7] Classical liberalism^[8] Teleological conception of history^[9]^[10] Cultural relativism^[11] Volksgeist Cultural nationalism^[12] Empirical approach to the investigation of languages and cultures^[13]
Academic advisors	Immanuel Kant